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采用青海省41个国家地面气象站6~8月逐日降水资料和ERA-Interim0.5°×0.5°逐月再分析资料,分析了1981~2018年青海夏季极端降水的时空变化特征及天气学成因。结果表明:8月和夏季极端降水频次均呈显著增加趋势,75%以上站次的最大日降水量、极端降水阈值和极端降水频次均呈增加趋势;极端降水频次与海拔高度之间、最大日降水量与500hPa比湿、500hPa位势高度、近地面温度之间均存在显著的正相关;以极端降水高发年8月的大气环流场为例,200hPa高空急流扩展到70°~100°E,100hPa高度正距平超过3.2hPa,高层冷高压发展异常偏强,500hPa青藏高原温度和高度距平异常偏高,上游区域扰动能量辐合强度达?1×10?6m/s2,高发年水汽异常增强,比湿最大正距平超过0.4g/kg,上升运动异常扰动和正涡度异常扰动强度均明显偏强,其特征有利于极端降水的产生。 相似文献
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Natural Hazards - In this work, an attempt has been made to simulate strong ground motion of M w 5.4 earthquake in Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. The simulation is based on modified stochastic... 相似文献
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A multi-proxy reconstruction of spatial and temporal variations in Asian summer temperatures over the last millennium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Feng?Shi Quansheng?GeEmail author Bao?Yang Jianping?Li Fengmei?Yang Fredrik?Charpentier?Ljungqvist Olga?Solomina Takeshi?Nakatsuka Ninglian?Wang Sen?Zhao Chenxi?Xu Keyan?Fang Masaki?Sano Guoqiang?Chu Zexin?Fan Narayan?P.?Gaire Muhammad?Usama?Zafar 《Climatic change》2015,131(4):663-676
To investigate climate variability in Asia during the last millennium, the spatial and temporal evolution of summer (June–July–August; JJA) temperature in eastern and south-central Asia is reconstructed using multi-proxy records and the regularized expectation maximization (RegEM) algorithm with truncated total least squares (TTLS), under a point-by-point regression (PPR) framework. The temperature index reconstructions show that the late 20th century was the warmest period in Asia over the past millennium. The temperature field reconstructions illustrate that temperatures in central, eastern, and southern China during the 11th and 13th centuries, and in western Asia during the 12th century, were significantly higher than those in other regions, and comparable to levels in the 20th century. Except for the most recent warming, all identified warm events showed distinct regional expressions and none were uniform over the entire reconstruction area. The main finding of the study is that spatial temperature patterns have, on centennial time-scales, varied greatly over the last millennium. Moreover, seven climate model simulations, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), over the same region of Asia, are all consistent with the temperature index reconstruction at the 99 % confidence level. Only spatial temperature patterns extracted as the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) from the GISS-E2-R and MPI-ESM-P model simulations are significant and consistent with the temperature field reconstruction over the past millennium in Asia at the 90 % confidence level. This indicates that both the reconstruction and the simulations depict the temporal climate variability well over the past millennium. However, the spatial simulation or reconstruction capability of climate variability over the past millennium could be still limited. For reconstruction, some grid points do not pass validation tests and reveal the need for more proxies with high temporal resolution, accurate dating, and sensitive temperature signals, especially in central Asia and before AD 1400. 相似文献
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Dong Xiao Ying Li Shaojia Fan Renhe Zhang Jiaren Sun Yan Wang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,122(1-2):249-257
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介绍了国内外敏感性行业气象服务效益评估发展概况。总结了行业气象敏感性评价、行业气象服务效益评估和评估系统的研究成果,特别是从理论、技术和方法应用的角度分别介绍了行业气象服务社会、经济和环境效益评估的研究进展。给出了近三年我国敏感性行业气象服务效益评估领域的业务成果,并对未来一段时期我国行业气象服务效益评估的工作提出一些展望。 相似文献
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Samuli Helama Jianmin Jiang Johanna Korhonen Jari Holopainen Mauri Timonen 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(6):1069-1079
Cryophenological records （i.e. observational series of freeze and breakup dates of ice） are of great importance when assessing the environmental variations in cold regions. Here we employed the extraordinarily long observational records of river ice breakup dates and air temperatures in northern Fennoscandia to examine their interrelations since 1802. Historical observations, along with modern data, comprise the informational setting for this analysis carried out using t-test. Temperature history of April-May season was used as cli- matic counterpart for the breakup timings. Both records （temperature and breakup） showed seven sub-periods during which their local means were distinctly different relative to preced- ing and subsequent sub-periods. The starting and ending years of these sub-periods oc- curred in temporal agreement. The main findings of this study are summarized as follows： （1） the synchrony between the temperature and river ice breakup records ruled out the possibility that the changes would have occurred due to quality of the historical series （i.e. inhomoge- neity problems often linked to historical time-series）; （2） the studied records agreed to show lower spring temperatures and later river ice breakups during the 19th century, in comparison to the 20th century conditions, evidencing the prevalence of cooler spring temperatures in the study region, in agreement with the concept of the Little Ice Age （1570-1900） climate in North-West Europe; （3） the most recent sub-period demonstrate the highest spring tem- peratures with concomitantly earliest river ice breakups, showing the relative warmth of the current springtime climate in the study region in the context of the past two centuries; （4） the effects of anthropogenic changes in the river environment （e.g. construction and demolition of dams） during the 20th century should be considered for non-climatic variations in the breakup records; （5） this study emphasizes the importance of multi-centurial （i.e. historical） cryo- phenological information for highly interesting viewpoints of climate and environmental his- tory. 相似文献
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基于1960-2018年的日降水资料,计算辽河流域降水集中指数（CI）,分析日降水集中程度的时空特征。结果表明：降水集中指数CI可以有效描述辽河流域降水集中程度,辽河流域年CI指数平均为0.67,降水集中程度总体呈现出东部和西部低、南部和北部高的鞍型空间分布特征;夏季降水集中程度最高,各站点季平均CI指数为0.65,空间分布与年分布较一致,冬季平均CI指数最低,为0.60,由东南向西北递减;研究时段内年CI指数表现为不显著的减小趋势,其中东部区域减小的趋势最大;各子区域年CI指数平均变化周期为3 a左右,其中1985年以前,变化周期较短,在2 a左右,1985年以后,变化周期超过3 a。 相似文献
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利用常规高空观测资料、浙江多普勒雷达产品、ERA5逐小时再分析资料(0.25 °×0.25 °),统计分析了2015—2021年浙江夏季(6—8月)弱天气尺度强迫背景下午后局地热对流(根据移动速度分为移动型和少动型两类)的时空分布特征、生命周期特征、环境参数特征等。(1) 两类热对流触发频次相当,年际变化均较大,但年、月、日变化趋势基本一致,午后出现少动型局地热对流的可能性更大,而傍晚出现移动型局地热对流的可能性更大。(2) 局地热对流的触发与地形密切相关,对流高频区位于浙东沿海、浙西北、浙西南山区,浙中北平原和盆地均为低频区,热对流触发频次均随高度增加而减少,多触发于山脉及其附近的中低海拔处,中高海拔地区更容易触发少动型局地热对流。(3) 两类对流均在弱垂直风切变环境下即可触发,移动型单体更容易得到发展。 相似文献
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相似环流背景下海南两次不同类型强对流天气对比研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
2016年6月5日和6日海南岛处在类似的环流背景下,5日海南出现了大范围8级以上阵风且伴有EF2级龙卷,而次日以短时强降水为主。为了研究两日产生不同类型强对流天气的原因,基于常规地面-高空观测、海南逐10 min的地面加密观测、海口多普勒雷达观测、NCEP-GFS 0.5°×0.5°分析资料进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)5日整层大气相对较干(可降水量为49 mm)且中层干层尤为清晰(700—500 hPa平均相对湿度41%),925—700 hPa温度垂直递减率为7.25℃/km,有利于产生强下沉气流及冷池形成,从而产生雷暴大风天气,而6日气层高湿,可降水量为60 mm,环境风弱,风暴移速慢,有利于产生强降水;(2)两日均属于弱的环境背景气流下的对流,相对而言,5日0—3 km风垂直切变均较6日大,有利于形成飑线;(3)结构分析表明5日对流风暴伴有较强阵风出流,较强的风垂直切变加之多个单体阵风出流合并抬升下,产生了持续1.5 h的飑线,并出现了弓形回波,而6日为低质心一般单体且阵风出流相对弱,尽管多个单体合并成了准线性的风暴,其持续时间亦与一般单体生命史相当;(4)5日对流抑制能量相对较大,需较强的地面辐合抬升和午后强烈升温触发雷暴,雷暴触发后强烈发展;6日对流抑制能量近乎为0,弱的海风锋辐合及热力作用均触发对流;(5)此次龙卷过程的风垂直切变与典型超级单体龙卷差异显著,产生龙卷的低层中气旋出现时间与龙卷发生时间仅差3 min,故提前预警龙卷的可能性极小。 相似文献